Rethinking destination success: An island perspective

The global tourism industry has shifted due to COVID-19, with tourismdependent islands facing a dire need to realign and reconstruct their tourism offerings to remain competitive. The traditional mass tourism model that has dominated island development has to be re-examined in this new tourism environment with new mindsets regarding the current conditions for destination success. This paper aims to promote an understanding of destination success in an island context and to identify which determinants are critical during this period to achieve optimal destination success. The findings from this study suggest that island destinations are at a critical turning point, and key strategic shifts are necessary to enable future destination success as defined by the Destination Management Organisations. There is a need to shift from management to stewardship, from product to experience, from quantity to quality, and from stakeholder presence to engagement. Core to these strategic shifts is an incorporation of locals as central to the quality of the overall experience, with less reliance on the natural resources (sun, sea, and sand) to which these island destinations have been beholden to for decades.

Examining the Development of Sustainable Tourism on Phuket Island: A Literature Review with Implications for Tourism Planning

The conception of sustainable tourism is comparatively new and only started to emerge in the 1980s, whereas nowadays, it became a prevalent theme of discussion for researchers and tourism policymakers. Since then, sustainable tourism is often referred to as the holy grail and ultimate solution to achieve a balanced outcome that equally emphasizes environmental, economic, and socio-cultural aspects of tourism development. These factors are said to ensure active participation and assist in the process to create consensus amongst stakeholders. The tropical island of Phuket depends heavily on international tourism and generates most of its income from tourism receipts. Phuket developed quickly into a mass-tourism destination with its set of associated challenges derived from mass tourism. At present, the literature lacks a comprehensive account of perspectives from the tourism stakeholders, including indigenous people, local communities, visitors, industry, and government. Therefore, this review aims to serve as an insightful reference for policymakers and stakeholders that wish to affect change in the tourism industry for Thailand in general and Phuket specifically.

Mass tourism, biosecurity and sustainability challenges: prospects illustrated by the current COVID-19 pandemic

Purpose: Using COVID-19 pandemic as a more immediate empirical reference, this paper aims to understand the biosecurity risks arising from tourist activities and, through a more prospective analysis, to consider the relevance of public health issues in the context of tourism-sustainability nexuses. Design/methodology/approach: The text assumes a hybrid format, incorporating elements resulting from empirical research and essayistic viewpoints. The collection of empirical elements was based on documental research in several sources, such as newspapers, international institutions of an intergovernmental nature and the discussion forum of the travel platform TripAdvisor. Findings: By assuming mobility and large agglomerations of people from different origins, mass tourism has fostered multiple outbreaks of COVID-19 and the rapid global spread of contagion chains. The pandemic clearly exemplified the responsibility of tourism in the dispersion of biotic agents with severe ecological, economic, social and public health repercussions. It is, therefore, urgent to rethink the tourism growth trajectory and more effectively consider the biosecurity risks associated with mobility in discussions on tourism and sustainability. At the same time, tourism must be delineated in terms of the great aims of sustainability, and this transversal purpose to which it contributes should be considered an intrinsic condition of its own sectorial sustainability as an economic activity. Originality/value: The biosecurity challenges posed by mass tourism are a very topical issue, still little considered in sustainability policies and on which there is a marked deficit in scientific research. © 2023, Octávio Sacramento.

Promad problems in paradise

Purpose>This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.Design/methodology/approach>This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.Findings>Small and medium tourism enterprises are not prepared for the continued market turmoil which will remain the norm following the COVID-19 pandemic. Digital transformation is a key driver to success and resilience, but few have adopted enough to survive.Originality/value>The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

DE LAS CIUDADES TURISTIFICADAS AL ESCENARIO PANDÉMICO: LA PARADOJA DE LA GLOBALIZACIÓN

La "reinvención" de las ciudades, mediante el turismo masivo y la reconfiguración de sus barrios céntricos, ha transformado estas en espacios de consumo y entretenimiento. El objetivo del texto es reflexionar sobre cómo este proceso ha acarreado importantes externalidades negativas a sus ciudadanos, para a continuación, poner énfasis en los cambios que las restricciones de movilidad provocadas por la pandemia de la COVID-19 supusieron para los habitantes de dos ciudades españolas turistificadas, Barcelona y Madrid. También indaga sobre las posibles alternativas hacia un turismo post-COVID más sostenible e inclusivo. La metodología contempla una amplia revisión bibliográfica sobre los procesos de gentrificación y de turistificación y sus contradicciones, la búsqueda de datos oficiales sobre la evolución del turismo internacional -y español- durante los períodos prepandémico y pandémico, y la elaboración de cuadros y gráficos. Entre los resultados, destaca un análisis sobre lo que significó para los ciudadanos de estas ciudades, la restricción de la actividad turística: el aumento de su protagonismo en los espacios públicos, en los comercios locales y también en el mercado inmobiliario, usurpado en las últimas décadas, por los procesos de turistificación y gentrificación.Alternate :The "reinvention" of cities, through mass tourism and the reconfiguration of their downtown neighborhoods, has transformed them into spaces for consumption and entertainment. The objective of the text is to reflect on how this process has brought significant negative externalities to its citizens, and then, emphasize the changes that the mobility restrictions caused by the pandemia of the COVID-19 meant for the inhabitants of two Spanish tourist cities, Barcelona and Madrid. It also investigates possible alternatives towards more sustainable and inclusive postcovid tourism. The methodology contemplates a wide bibliographic review of the processes of gentrification and tourist and their contradictions, the search for official data on the evolution of international -and spanish- tourism during pre-pandemic and pandemic periods, and the elaboration of tables and graphics. Among the results, stands out an analysis of what the restriction of tourist activity meant for the citizens of these cities: the increase in their protagonism in public spaces, in local shops and also in the real estate market, usurped in recent decades, due to the processes of touristification and gentrification.

Promad problems in paradise: Adapting SMTE practices for the new wave of promad digital travelers in the Canary Islands

Purpose: This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach: This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings: Small and medium tourism enterprises are not prepared for the continued market turmoil which will remain the norm following the COVID-19 pandemic. Digital transformation is a key driver to success and resilience, but few have adopted enough to survive. Originality/value: The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Promad problems in paradise

Purpose: This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach: This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings: Small and medium tourism enterprises are not prepared for the continued market turmoil which will remain the norm following the COVID-19 pandemic. Digital transformation is a key driver to success and resilience, but few have adopted enough to survive. Originality/value: The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.

A “new tourism cycle” on the Canary Islands: scenarios for digital transformation and resilience of small and medium tourism enterprises

Purpose This paper discusses plausible future scenarios for small and medium tourism enterprises (SMTEs) in the "sun, sea and sand" destination of the Canary Islands (Spain) and assesses to what extent they are prepared to adjust to market changes and technological developments in the light of both sudden disruptions and long-term shocks. Design/methodology/approach A scenario analysis was made based upon expert interviews, leading to a 2 x 2 scenario matrix. Findings Although regional, national and European strategies advocate digital transformation as a step towards building resilience and towards a more sustainable future, this study identifies two major uncertainties that can put that transformation at risk: a change of the traditional "sun, sand and sea" visitor to a more conscious, individual and inquisitive traveller or "Promad", and the business culture of SMTEs. Research limitations/implications Resilience for sudden and for slow-paced disruptions poses different challenges for SMTEs. Their next step in the digital transformation must take them form marketing and sales-oriented e-business to growing interconnectivity and innovation across supply chains. Practical implications A market change towards the "Promad" type of traveller causes at least a temporary mismatch of demand and supply. As many SMTEs miss either the knowledge or the resources to invest in digital transformation, the process will depend on support and coordination at destination level. Originality/value The study identifies, with the example of the Canary Islands, the difficulties for destinations and individual businesses in making the envisioned transition of mass tourism to more competitive forms of tourism with a smaller ecological footprint.

Impact of Mass Tourism on the Quality of Life in Split, Croatia : Residents’ Opinions in the Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic

This study addresses the everyday life in the city of Split during the tourist season from the perspective of the quality of life (QOL) concept. The research was conducted in June 2020, through an online survey distributed among a sample of 328 residents of Split aged 18 and above. A high percentage of respondents earn income from tourism (41.5%). Opinions are divided concerning its overall impact on the quality of life. While economic indicators are seen as positive, the rest are mostly rated negatively. The majority of respondents do not find the existing model of tourism to be sustainable, with their responses independent of earning income within the sector. The locals’ attitudes toward tourists are mostly assessed as friendly (45.1%). However, a significant percentage of respondents also point to indifference (24.7%) or hostility (10%), which can be associated with the work in the tourism industry and the assessment of its negative impacts on the quality of life. The general divisions among respondents within the study, as well as numerous negatively rated QOL elements, indicate the need for planning a more sustainable model of tourism. This includes achieving a greater representation of selective forms of tourism, reducing the dominance of the sector compared to other branches of the economy and increasing the quality of life in Split.

Attitudes and preferences of visitors of Krka National Park, Croatia

The primary function of national parks (NPs) is nature conservation, but for the majority of them, tourism also plays an important role. Tourism generates significant incomes, but the benefits are often unequally distributed in space, as are the disadvantages. The karst regions are generally less developed terrains in terms of traditional livelihoods, but due to their special morphology, tourism offers great opportunities. Nonetheless, mass tourism can also pose increased environmental risks. In this article, we examine the above questions on the example of Krka NP, especially from the perspective of tourists, as we conducted a questionnaire survey with visitors. The results confirmed that there is a high degree of spatial inequality both in the awareness of attractions and the distribution of tourist accommodation. This fact has already been recognised by the management of the NP, and serious steps have already been taken to reduce inequality, but their impact is not yet significant enough. Based on the survey, tourism in Krka NP is determined by same-day visits. Tourists who come here primarily consider waterfalls, lakes and rivers to be the most important values of the landscape, while cultural values are considered less significant and even less known. Local products are virtually unknown in the NP palette, so this could be a direction for development. Another point that could be developed is the awareness of visitors in the field of karstification. As the survey was conducted during COVID period, its impact on tourism was also briefly examined. This impact was manifested in the fact that the proportion of retirees and tourist buses was very small, whereas the majority of visitors (90%) arrived in the NP as independent travellers. For one third of foreigners, COVID played a role in choosing Croatia as a destination. As for domestic tourists, two thirds chose to find a destination in Croatia because of COVID.

Tourism and Authenticity: Analyzing Retail Change in Lisbon City Center

Retail is one of the defining elements of urban spaces. The study of commerce is largely based on its evolution and how it relates with urban environments. Currently, with the advent of mass tourism, there has been an adjustment in the commercial fabric of the area’s most sought after by tourists. Among these latter areas, the historical centers of commerce stand out. The first objective of this research is to analyze the modern evolution of the commercial fabric of Lisbon by comparing the city center with the rest of the city. For this goal, I use a quantitative approach through the quotient location for specific retail typologies. The results show dissimilarities that are associated with the geographical location of retail, which vary according to the different retail typologies being analyzed. The second goal is based on the assumption that the mere analysis of the evolution of the retail typologies is limited in the context of tourist cities. Considering this matter, a qualitative method (photo analysis, conceptually supported by the concept of authenticity) is used. The results show the usefulness of the concept of authenticity to apprehend and discuss how retail is reacting to the tourism industry, thereby contributing to the transformation of the city center into a leisure and entertainment destination.

The halal tourism – alternative or mass tourism? Indications of traditional mass tourism on crescent rating guidelines on halal tourism

Purpose>This study aims to identify whether halal tourism, as advocated by Mastercard-Crescent Rating guidelines on halal tourism can be considered as supporting sustainable tourism.Design/methodology/approach>Three Mastercard-CrescentRating 2019 Reports which are Global Muslim Travel Index, Indonesia Muslim Travel Index and Halal Travel Frontier were evaluated using a qualitative method supports by NVivo software to analyze text and images. Eight indicators (number of tourists, main motivations, main values, interaction with the community, interaction with the environment, most possible destinations, infrastructure and visitor monitorings) are used to classify halal tourism items into mass tourism (traditional, experiential and sensational) and non-mass (alternative) tourism. The qualitative analysis is supported by correlation analysis of GMTI scores with environmental performance index and the global sustainable competitiveness index scores.Findings>The results showed that halal tourism has unique characters compared with mass and non-mass tourism types. However, halal tourism advocated by CrescentRating unlikely shows similarity with non-mass tourism. It tends to be traditional mass tourism, especially on the perspective of the type of activity, interactions with the environment and local communities, as well as the main values.Originality/value>Previous research suggested the needs of halal tourism and its relations to sustainability. This research fills the gap by showing the halal tourism, in the perspective of Mastercard-CrescentRating is not prioritized toward sustainable tourism by qualitative and quantitative evidences. This study contributes to the knowledge of sustainability from Islamic perspectives and practices and provides a way to the theory of Islamic sustainable tourism. It also suggests improvements to halal tourism guidelines such as the transparency and guarantees that the profit will be used for social welfare, promotion of sustainability using Qur’anic verses and promotion on environmental and social empowerment activities.

Rethinking destination success: An island perspective

The global tourism industry has shifted due to COVID-19, with tourismdependent islands facing a dire need to realign and reconstruct their tourism offerings to remain competitive. The traditional mass tourism model that has dominated island development has to be re-examined in this new tourism environment with new mindsets regarding the current conditions for destination success. This paper aims to promote an understanding of destination success in an island context and to identify which determinants are critical during this period to achieve optimal destination success. The findings from this study suggest that island destinations are at a critical turning point, and key strategic shifts are necessary to enable future destination success as defined by the Destination Management Organisations. There is a need to shift from management to stewardship, from product to experience, from quantity to quality, and from stakeholder presence to engagement. Core to these strategic shifts is an incorporation of locals as central to the quality of the overall experience, with less reliance on the natural resources (sun, sea, and sand) to which these island destinations have been beholden to for decades. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Island Studies Journal is the property of Island Studies Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

The Rural and Nature Tourism Development Potential in Islands

It has become evident that rural tourism grew significantly during the pandemic compared to mass tourism. However, at this time, all the forecasts were wrapped in considerable uncertainty regarding travel, which is not without the elevated associated risk. Therefore, we assessed the perceptions of the entrepreneurs in relation to rural tourism activities regarding the advantages of their rural tourism activity in the Azores for customers. Furthermore, the potential for developing this typology of tourism is pivotal for obtaining very reliable data and information on this topic and enabling us to provide guidelines for the leading regional players. In this regard, an exploratory method was used to assess the perceptions of the entrepreneurs with rural tourism activities in the Azores Islands regarding the customers’ experiences and some other important aspects concerning the promotion of this type of tourism in the region. Throughout this study, it was possible to verify that the most relevant obstacles to the development of rural tourism in the Azores region are the preservation and conservation of nature and endogenous resources and delivering proper infrastructures and regional accessibilities. Contrarily, the increase in community and regional funding and support for rural tourism could be key to the prosperity of this typology of tourism in this insular territory.

The Weakness of Mass Tourism in the Covid-19 Period and the Contribution of Architecture

According to the World Tourism Organization, tourism is the largest industry in the world. The tourist activity with elements that refer to the mass model of tourism, emerges in many cases as the key activity for the economic development of a place. This phenomenon is constantly recorded during the last decades worldwide and not only in the wider Mediterranean but also in Greece. In this context and to serve as many guests as possible the quality of accommodation services was sacrificed on the altar of the ephemeral. Huge hotel units were built and areas of natural beauty were destroyed. Also, the primary sector was abandoned and rural areas were turned into tourist destinations. The need to move from mass tourism to quality tourism has been highlighted for many years and for many different reasons. The failure of this model and the shift to quality or alternative tourism has already begun. However, the current global crisis regarding the pandemic due to the COVID-19 has once again highlighted the weaknesses of this tourism model. The purpose of this paper is to investigate and assess the current situation and the reasons that led tourists may prefer small accommodation, apartments and houses to the standards of alternative tourism. It also aims to highlight the lack of flexibility in the event of a crisis, both in planning and programming, and to highlight another reason for the transition from mass to alternative tourism. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

The Development of Tourism on Large Croatian Islands: The Case of Hvar Town on the Island of Hvar

This paper examines the special characteristics of tourism development on the Adriatic islands, focusing on Hvar Town, the largest town and port on the island of Hvar and its busiest destination. The research was carried out using the method of semi-structured interviews. A total of 30 interviews were conducted with the local residents (mostly employed in the tourism sector) and temporary/seasonal visitors. The intention was to learn about the current state of tourism in the town and look at the possible scenarios for the future development of sustainable tourism, based on its three inter-connected aspects: environmental, economic and socio-cultural. The research also considered the influence of various tourism actors on the development, the possibilities of agritourism, the role and importance of cultural tourism and, finally yet importantly, the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the last year's drastically shortened summer season. The results show that mass tourism (and its subset party tourism) have dominated the tourist offer since 2000 onwards, changing the reputation of Hvar as the elite travel destination or the family holiday destination it used to have before. © 2021 Institution for Marine and Island Cultures, Mokpo National University.

CAN TOUR GUIDES PROTECT the MARINE and COASTAL ENVIRONMENT from MASS TOURISM IMPACTS: SITUATION of ANDAMAN OCEAN, THAILAND, PRE-COVID-19

This article studies the role of Thai guides in protecting marine and coastal environment against impacts from international tourism, in the Andaman Ocean, Thailand. This is a qualitative study with in-depth interviews of 26 licensed guides that were selected by using purposive and snowball sampling. Quantitative data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, and qualitative data from in-depth interviews and field notes were analyzed with qualitative data analysis. The results show that behaviors affecting marine and coastal environment mostly involve chasing and catching beautiful fish and/or marine animals (76.9%), feeding fish (73.1%), and collecting beautiful stones, rare shells, and/or coral reefs (73.1%). Guides act in the roles of educator, psychologist, entertainer, ambassador, and servant, and protect against impacts to the extent that they can. While some impacts can be avoided, others remain out of scope and control of the guides. © 2021 Editura Universitatii din Oradea. All rights reserved.

Sustainable Tourism as a Driving force of the Tourism Industry in a Post-Covid-19 Scenario.

The tourism industry is probably one of the most affected by the crisis caused by Covid-19. It is the responsibility of politicians, tourism professionals and researchers to look for solutions to revive this important industry. This article shows how the development of Sustainable Tourism can help in the sustenance of the tourism industry, since one of the premises on which Sustainable Tourism is based is the non-overcrowding of tourist destinations (essential factor in the current context). Considering this argument and the existing regulations on lockdown rules, social distancing and meet up, it is considered that the practices in Sustainable Tourism can become a potential solution to stimulate tourist movements and help the revival of the tourism industry. Therefore, more specifically, the main objective of this article is to know tourist´s perception among about Sustainable Tourism and to determine which factors help its development. In this sense, the use of structural equation models in a research of 308 tourists has determined how factors related to the tourists' attitude, motivation and perceived benefits provided by the development of Sustainable Tourism increase the intention to consume this type of tourism. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11205-021-02735-2.

Analysis of volatiles organic compounds in Venice lagoon water reveals COVID 19 lockdown impact on microplastics and mass tourism related pollutants.

The Lagoon of Venice is a continuously evolving ecosystem that rapidly responds to anthropic stressors. The UNESCO World Heritage site "Venice and its Lagoon", is one of the top tourist destinations in the world. Mass tourism increases marine litter, water traffic emissions, solid waste, and sewage release. Plastic marine litter is not only a major aesthetic problem diminishing tourists experience of Venice, it also leaches contaminants into the seawater. Since there is a dearth in the literature regarding microplastic leachable compounds and overtourism related pollutants, the project studied the Head Space-Solid Phase Micro Extraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) molecular fingerprint of volatile lagoon water pollutants, to gain insight into the extent of this phenomenon in August 2019. The chromatographic analyses enabled the identification of 40 analytes related to the presence of polymers in seawater, water traffic, and tourists habits. In Italy, on the 10th March 2020, the lockdown restrictions were enforced to control the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 infection; the ordinary urban water traffic around Venice came to a halt, and the ever-growing presence of tourists suddenly ceased. This situation provided a unique opportunity to analyze the environmental effects of restrictions on VOCs load in the Lagoon. 17 contaminants became not detectable after the lockdown period. The statistical analysis indicated that the amounts of many other contaminants significantly dropped. The presence of 9 analytes was not statistically influenced by the lockdown restrictions, probably because of their stronger persistence or continuous input in the environment from diverse sources. Results signify a sharp and encouraging pollution decrease at the molecular level, concomitant with the anthropogenic stress release, even if it is not possible to attribute quantitatively the VOCs load variations to specific sources (e.g., tourists' habits, urban water traffic, plastic pollution).